The May 2024 bank reporting season was the mildest and most boring in the past decade, with the major banks all reporting solid results, large share buybacks and very low bad debts. The major banks continue to show their resilience in the face of challenges such as the 2018 Royal Commission into Financial Services, COVID-19 lockdowns, system issues in 2021 from expected zero or negative interest rates, and the "fixed-interest rate cliff" from late 2022 that was forecasted to put the country into a recession as discretionary spending collapsed, defaults spiked, and house prices plummeted.
In this Allied Wealth quarterly, we will look at the themes in approximately 900 pages of financial results released over the past ten days by the financial intermediaries that grease the wheels of Australian capitalism.
Net interest margins are always a major topic during any of the banks' reporting season, with most investors going straight to the slide on margin movements in the immense Investor Discussion Packs. Banks earn a net interest margin [(Interest Received - Interest Paid) divided by Average Invested Assets] by lending out funds at a higher rate than borrowing these funds either from depositors or on the wholesale money markets. Generally, bank net interest margins have recovered from the lows seen in 2022, as when the prevailing cash rate is 5%, it is much easier for a bank to maintain a profit margin of 2% than when the cash rate is 0.1%.
Small changes in the net interest margin significantly impact bank profitability due to the size of a bank's loan book (which ranges from $700 billion to $1.1 trillion) and guide future profitability. Going into this reporting season, many in the market expected a significant fall in the banks' net interest margins due to stronger competition within the mortgage market and increased deposit funding costs. May 2024 saw some downward pressure on interest margins, but less than expected, with management teams reporting a moderation of mortgage competition. Commonwealth Bank again wins the gold star in 2024 with the highest net interest margin.
Gold Star
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Australian interest rates fell to record lows as the RBA established the Term Funding Facility (TFF) to offer low-cost three-year funding to banks. Between March 2020 and when the TFF closed in June 2021, Australian banks borrowed $188 billion at rates between 0.1% and 0.25%, which was then lent as fixed-rate mortgages in 2020 and 2021 at mortgage rates between 1.75% and 2.25% to around 800,000 borrowers. These low-rate mortgages began expiring in mid-2023, converting to variable loans around 5.5%.
With every cash rate hike, the questions became louder about the negative impact of this fixed rate cliff on retail sales, bank bad debts and house prices, with market experts predicting 2023 and 2024 to be very poor years for the banks and retail sales, as borrowers were unable to afford the higher mortgage payments. However, in mid-2024, the economy has proven more resilient than expected, and unemployment remains close to all-time lows. Borrowers and the banks have managed this transition to higher rates, far better than was expected, building up savings buffers. Indeed, despite increased financial pressures, RBA data shows that less than 1% of home loans are in 90-day arrears, a figure that is lower than before the pandemic - RBA Financial Stability Review.
Bad debts have remained low in 2024, with all the banks reporting extremely low loan losses. Macquarie Bank reported the lowest bad debts of 0.00%, with ANZ not far behind with 0.01% loan losses. The level of loan losses is important for investors as high loan losses reduce profits, and this dividend erodes a bank's capital base. This reporting season has translated low bad debts into increased share buybacks and dividends.
Atlas see that the low level of bad debts is a combination of the bank's managing loan book, stronger than expected economic conditions and more conservative lending than we saw from the banks 2000-07. We believe that the loans to developers, property syndicates and troubled industrial companies that went bad in 2008-2010 now sit with non-bank lenders and private debt funds rather than the big four banks.
Gold Star
A feature of the May 2024 banks reporting season was solid dividend growth, with ANZ, CBA, and Westpac increasing their dividends and NAB holding their dividend flat. In the first half of 2024, the big four banks generated $15.6 billion and will return $11 billion to shareholders through dividends or a 71% payout of profits generated throughout the half. Higher dividends reflect the combination of low write-offs from bad debts, minimal new investments (outside ANZ) and high capital levels.
The winner of the star was Westpac, with a dividend increase of 7% or 29% if a special dividend is included. In 2024, all major banks (including Macquarie) will be paying a dividend per share higher than in 2019.
Gold Star
Capital ratio is the minimum capital requirement that financial institutions in Australia must maintain to weather the potential for loan losses. The bank regulator, the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), has mandated that banks hold a minimum of 10.5% of capital against their loans, significantly higher than the 5% requirement pre-GFC. Requiring banks to hold high levels of capital is not done to protect bank investors but rather to avoid the spectre of taxpayers having to bail out banks, as has been done in the USA and UK.
In 2024, the Australian banks are all extremely well capitalised, so much so that ANZ, NAB, and Westpac announced on-market share buyback extensions to return capital to shareholders. During the bank reporting season, NAB announced a $1.5 billion share buyback extension on top of their 200 million remaining from their previous buyback, Westpac announced a $1 billion extension on top of their $600 million remaining from their previous buyback, ANZ announced a new $2 billion share buyback and Macquarie announcing they still have $1.35 billion to buy back from their $2 billion buyback announced in November. For investors, this not only supports the share price in the coming months but reduces the amount of outstanding shares to divide next year's profits.
In addition to buying back shares to reduce capital, all the big banks, including Macquarie, have neutralised their dividend reinvestment plan (DRP), which allows shareholders to take their dividends in additional shares rather than cash. Neutralising the DRP sees the bank buyback shares on-market equivalent to the new shares issued to shareholders. In May 2024, Atlas estimates that this will see additional net purchases of around $900 million in shares from ANZ, NAB, Westpac and Macquarie.
While buying back shares on the market and then cancelling them is positive for shareholders as it reduces the divisor on future bank profits, bank management teams are awarded bonuses based on their return on equity (ROE). Obviously, buying back shares reduces the equity, thus boosting ROE.
Gold Star
Overall, we are happy with the financial results from the banks owned by the Allied Wealth Australian Equity Portfolio in May. The three main overweight positions, ANZ and Westpac, increased their dividends, and Macquarie Bank showed a 49% increase in net profits in the second half, which also guided to increased profits in FY25. All three announced significant on-market share buybacks, which will support share prices.
All banks showed solid net interest margins, low bad debts, and good cost control. Profit growth is likely to be tough to find on the ASX over the next few years, with earnings for resources and consumer discretionary likely to retreat; however, Australia's major banks continue to positively surprise the market with how they have been able to navigate turbulent market conditions. In 2024, the banks will all have cleaner loan books, minimal offshore distractions, and a greater margin of safety than they have had in the past.